Essay --

There was once a point in time when people fought for the right to do what people in this day and age would an everyday ritual. They had to live with the day to day struggle of having to sneak to pray to their God. The ability to express your thoughts and concerns verbally could cost you your life. Decisions were made without the input of citizens. Like a child, citizens were to be seen and not heard. Independence and freedom was craved so badly, it drove people to leave the place they once called home. Men gathered together collaborating ideas on what would soon be our Constitution. July 4, 1776, life was no longer as some new it. American people were as happy as a child on Christmas. Freedom is something many of us take for granted. To them, freedom was more than just a right. It was the privilege to your opinion out loud. It was the privilege to walk in the building to worship God. It was the privilege to have the ability to make decisions that could impact your country. People lo nged for that right and it was appreciated. America was now a place where people could live freely. There were no strict rules that bounded you from life. Now, according to G.Gordon Liddy, America is no longer this way. According to him and his novel, when he was a kid this was a free country. In the book, "When I Was a Kid, This Was a Free Country," by G.Gordon Liddy, Liddy tells the reader how America has made a drastic change from the 1930's. Using reflections from his childhood, Liddy compares life styles of today's time period to life styles during the time period of his childhood. According to Liddy, his generation is the last generation to remember what the country was like when it was free. Through his years of radio programming, Liddy says "... ...d have the mental stability to take on the world. My thoughts on this book vary. I think that Liddy's expectations of the world is ridiculous. It may be my Democratic beliefs kicking in, but to compare the world to then and now isn't logically to me. Liddy should not be shocked to see such changes in the world. Things change. The world is more advanced now. You can't do things you could do in the 30's. Technology is more advanced, Children are being forced to grow up quicker, educational systems have now raised their standards, and views on life aren't seen eye to eye anymore. To me, For Liddy to even compare the world to his childhood is like comparing a child to its behavior when it's one, to the behavior of the child when it's 18. I presume that the purpose of Liddy's book was to inform the readers how America may seem is not how she once was. He wanted to adv Essay -- There was once a point in time when people fought for the right to do what people in this day and age would an everyday ritual. They had to live with the day to day struggle of having to sneak to pray to their God. The ability to express your thoughts and concerns verbally could cost you your life. Decisions were made without the input of citizens. Like a child, citizens were to be seen and not heard. Independence and freedom was craved so badly, it drove people to leave the place they once called home. Men gathered together collaborating ideas on what would soon be our Constitution. July 4, 1776, life was no longer as some new it. American people were as happy as a child on Christmas. Freedom is something many of us take for granted. To them, freedom was more than just a right. It was the privilege to your opinion out loud. It was the privilege to walk in the building to worship God. It was the privilege to have the ability to make decisions that could impact your country. People lo nged for that right and it was appreciated. America was now a place where people could live freely. There were no strict rules that bounded you from life. Now, according to G.Gordon Liddy, America is no longer this way. According to him and his novel, when he was a kid this was a free country. In the book, "When I Was a Kid, This Was a Free Country," by G.Gordon Liddy, Liddy tells the reader how America has made a drastic change from the 1930's. Using reflections from his childhood, Liddy compares life styles of today's time period to life styles during the time period of his childhood. According to Liddy, his generation is the last generation to remember what the country was like when it was free. Through his years of radio programming, Liddy says "... ...d have the mental stability to take on the world. My thoughts on this book vary. I think that Liddy's expectations of the world is ridiculous. It may be my Democratic beliefs kicking in, but to compare the world to then and now isn't logically to me. Liddy should not be shocked to see such changes in the world. Things change. The world is more advanced now. You can't do things you could do in the 30's. Technology is more advanced, Children are being forced to grow up quicker, educational systems have now raised their standards, and views on life aren't seen eye to eye anymore. To me, For Liddy to even compare the world to his childhood is like comparing a child to its behavior when it's one, to the behavior of the child when it's 18. I presume that the purpose of Liddy's book was to inform the readers how America may seem is not how she once was. He wanted to adv

Written Critique of Drug Therapy in Nursing Practice

According to Wayne K. Anderson, Dean, State University of New York, School of Pharmacy, â€Å"statistically, if you take six different drugs, you have an 80% chance of at least one drug-drug interaction. † The drug regimen of Mrs. Brown includes six drugs that may interact with each other if not administered and monitored carefully. This is the reason why healthcare providers should be aware of the possible adverse affects that may happen related to her drug regimen. Necessary precautions should be observed to get the full benefits of the needed drugs and minimize possible drug-drug interactions. Nursing Management Mrs. Brown has a history of seizure, therefore, necessary measures should be provided to ensure the patient's safety. It is also known that seizure is one of the many side effects of the drug metronidazole (Drugs. com, 2010). To prevent injury to patient, the nurse should provide comfort and safety measures if the CNS effect occurs such as siderails, and assistance with ambulation if dizziness and weakness are present† (Karch, 2006, p. 170). Since Mrs. Brown has numerous risk factors and health conditions, the nurse should â€Å"monitor for drug-drug interactions to arrange to adjust dosages appropriately† (Karch, 2006, p. 47). The drug regimen of Mrs. Brown may present several adverse effects that should be observed, the nurse â€Å"monitor adverse effects and provide appropriate supportive care as needed to help patient cope with these effects† (Karch, 2006, p. 347). To achieve therapeutic effects, it is also important that the nurse is aware how to â€Å"administer the drug as prescribed in appropriate relationship to meals† (Karch, 2006, p. 572). The nurse should provide supportive management to the drug regimen so she should â€Å"monitor the patient's clinical status closely especially during the initial stages of treatment† (Karch, 2006, p. 34). This includes daily monitoring of serum lithium and phenytoin levels, blood glucose, prothrombin time (PT) and hepatic functioning. It is essen tial to promote compliance to the patient. The nurse should â€Å"provide thorough patient teaching, including drug name and prescribed dosage, as well as measures for avoidance of adverse effects, warning signs that may indicate possible problems and the need for monitoring and evaluation to enhance patient knowledge about drug therapy† (Karch, 2006, p. 347). Some of the teaching points that should be included are any sign of blood loss ( petechiae,bleeding gums, bruises, dark colored stools, dark colored urine) to evaluate the effectiveness of warfarin and symptoms of phenytoin toxicity, including drowsiness, visual disturbances, change in mental status, nausea, or ataxia. Indications and Actions The indications and actions of Mrs. Brown's regimen is presented to help verify the purpose of the drugs and their effects on the overall condition of the patient. Metronidazole (Flagyl, MetroGel, Noritate) Metronidazole is used for the treatment of intestinal amebiasis, trichomoniasis, inflammatory bowel disease, H. pylori infection causing peptic ulcers, bacterial vaginosis, and anaerobic infections and perioperative prophylaxis in colorectal surgery† (Kee & Hayes, 2006, p. 470). In this case, it is also used to treat abscesses in the pelvis caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria. It is classified as â€Å"an antiprotozoal agent that acts to inhibit DNA synthesis in susceptible protozoa, leading it to unable to reproduce and subsequent cell death† (Karch, 2006,p. 169). Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Acetaminophen is indicated for the treatment of pain and fever associated with a variety of conditions, including influenza; for the prophylaxis of children receiving diptheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) immunizations; and for the relief of musculoskeletal pain associated with arthritis† (Karch, 2006, p. 241). Paracetamol was prescribed for the presence of pain in the client's perineal area. Metformin (Glucophage) â€Å"Metformin is a biguanide compound used for the management of type 2 diabetes† (Kee & Hayes, 2006, p. 787). In this case, the patient was known to have diabetes. This medication could be considered as a new mechanism for the management of her type 2 diabetes. This oral diabetic agent â€Å"acts by decreasing hepatic production of glucose from stored glycogen† (Kee & Hayes, 2006, p. 787). It is said to diminish the increase in serum glucose after meals and lessen the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. Phenytoin (Dilatin) â€Å"Phenytoin is the protoype hydantoin used in the treatment of tonic-clonic seizures and status epilepticus, as well as in the prevention and treatment of seizures after neurosurgery† (Karch, 2006, p. 342). Since the patient has a history of seizure disorder, this medication was prescribed for maintenance. It acts as â€Å"an anticonvulsant drug that works by suppressing sodium influx through the drug binding to the sodium channel when it is inactivated, thus prolonging the channel inactivation and thereby preventing neuron firing† (Kee & Hayes, 2006, p. 341). Warfarin ( Coumadin) â€Å"Warfarin (Coumadin) is an anticoagulant drug in oral form that is used to maintain a state of anticoagulation in situations in which the patient is susceptible to potentially dangerous clot formation† (Karch, 2006, p. 38). The patient was given this medication since she has a history of atrial fibrillation that makes her susceptible to thrombus and embolus formation. The drug Warfarin inhibits the formation of thrombus and embolus formation by decreasing certain clotting factors. â€Å"Warfarin causes a decrease in the production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II [prothrombin], V II, IX and X) in the liver† (Karch, 2006, p. 740). Lithum Carbonate â€Å"Lithium is used as a mood stabilizers which is used to treat bipolar affective disorder† (Key & Hayes, 2006, p. 399). Mrs. Brown has a bipolar mood disorder so this drug was prescribed to control her periods of mania and depression. It is said to function in several ways, â€Å"it alters sodium transport in nerve and musle cells; inhibits the release of norepinephrine and dopamine, but not serotonin, from stimulated neurons; increases the intraneuronal stores of norepinephrine and dopamine slightly; and decreases intraneuronalcontent of second messengers† (Karch, 2006, p. 330). Common Drug Interactions Drug to Drug Interactions Metronidazole (Flagyl, MetroGel, Noritate) This drug is known to produce interactions with phenytoin, oral coagulants and lithium. â€Å"Coadministration with a nitromidazole may increase the serum concentration of phenytoin† (Drugs. com, 2010). It is known to induce microsomal liver enzyme activity such as phenytoin that may accelerate the elimination of metronidazole resulting in reduced plasma; impaired clearance of phenytoin has been reported† (DailyMed, 2009). In this case, pharmacologic responses and serum phenytoin should be checked frequently whenever metronidazole is being administered to the patient. The drug dosage should be adjusted as necessary. Another thing to do is to educate the patient the signs and symptoms of phenytoin toxicity for immediate physician notification. â€Å"Metronidazole has been reported to potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other oral coumarin anticoagulants, resulting in a prolongation of prothrombin time† (DailyMed, 2009). Mrs. Brown should be advised to report any signs of bleeding to her physician. INR should be checked frequently for adjustments in warfarin dosage, specifically after starting or discontinuing metronidazole. And lastly, lithium is said to produce interactions when administered with metronidazole. â€Å"Concurrent use of metronidazole with lithium may provoke lithium toxicity due to reduced renal clearance† (Rxlist, 2010). Since Mrs. Brown has a bipolar mood disorder, lithium is a long drug regimen. The serum lithium and creatinine levels should be monitored after the initiation of metronidazole. Phenytoin (Dilantin) Besides the impaired clearance of phenytoin with the use of metronidazole, there are other drug interactions that can happen in reference to Mrs. Brown's drug regimen. It is said that Phenytoin can increase the effects of anticoagulants. â€Å"The hydantoins displace the anticoagulants and aspirin, causing more free drug and increasing their activity† (Kee & Hayes, 2006, p. 342). Still, it is important to check on the prothrombin time (PT), phenytoin level and prothrombin time of the patient during the administration of both drugs. â€Å"Signs of an active bleed include coughing up blood in the form of coffee grinds (hemoptysis), gum bleeding, nose bleeds, cola- or tea-colored urine (hematuria), and black, tarry stools (hemoccult positive)†. Brown should be observed and notified to the physician. It is also said that the use of phenytoin can lead to â€Å"increased hepatotoxicity with acetaminophen† (Karch, 2007, p. 952). Lithium interacting with Phenytoin â€Å"may either increase or decrease the effectiveness of lithium or increase or decrease the effectiveness of the drug† (Raber, 2010). Phenytoin level and lithium serum level should be checked frequently to monitor the effectiveness of these drugs. Warfarin (Coumadin). Aside from the drug interactions of warfarin to both Metronidazole and Phenytoin, there is an existing interaction between Metformin and Warfarin. It is said that Metformin â€Å"oral hypoglycemic drugs for diabetes can displace warfarin or dicumarol from the protein-bound site, causing more free-circulating anticoagulant† (Kee & Hayes, 2006, p. 663). Due to this possible interaction, it is important to monitor the blood glucose level and prothrombin time (PT). The patient should be informed of the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and bleeding so that she could report it to the health care team immediately. Warfarin also interacts with paracetamol (acetaminophen); it said that â€Å"some investigators advise that the hypothrombinemic response to warfarin can increase when acetaminophen is taken in a dosage of more than 2 g per day for longer than one week† (Ament, Bertolino & Liszewski, 2000). Since Mrs. Brown has a prescription of 1000mg to be taken four times a day, her dosage is more than 2g per day. â€Å"If acetaminophen therapy is needed, the dosage should be as low as possible, and the drug should be taken for only a short period. In addition, the INR should be monitored closely† (Ament et al. 2000). Metformin (Glucophage) Meformin has moderate drug interaction with the drug Phenytoin. It is said to diminish the efficacy of oral diabetic agents and insulin. â€Å"These drugs may interfere with blood glucose control because they can cause hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, new-onset diabetes mellitus, and/or exacerbation of preexisting diabetes† (Drugs. com, 2010). There should be close monitoring of Mrs. Brown's blood glucose level in order to observe hypoglycemia in the patient. Lithium (Eskalith) Lithium has drug interactions with Metronidazole and Phenytoin. It is also established that lithium may diminish the therapeutic effects of insulin and oral anti-diabetic agents. â€Å"In one study, 10 psychiatric patients treated with lithium carbonate for 2 weeks demonstrated elevated blood glucose levels and impaired glucose tolerance tests. There have also been isolated case reports of hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, or diabetes mellitus in patients on lithium, although a causal relationship has not been established† (Drugs. com, 2010). The blood glucose level should be checked frequently after starting or discontinuing lithium therapy. Drug to Food, Drug to Herbal, Drug to OTC drugs Interactions Metronidazole Metronidazole has a significant interaction with ethanol. â€Å"Use of alcohol or products containing alcohol during nitroimidazole therapy may result in a disulfiram-like reaction in some patients† (Drugs. com, 2010). Necessary precautions should be made in relation to use of ethanol and ethanol-containing products. Mrs. Brown should be instructed not to take alcohol beverages and alcohol-containing products. It is said that â€Å"alcohol beverages should not be consumed for at least a day after completion of metronidazole therapy† (Drugs. om). Metronidazole has an interaction to the herb milk thistle. â€Å"Milk thistle has been reported to protect the liver from harm caused by some prescription drugs. While milk thistle has not yet been studied directly for protecting people against the known potentially liver-damaging actions of metronidazole, it is often used for this purpose† (Morazz oni & Bombardelli, 1995). Phenytoin Phenytoin has moderate interaction with alcohol and food. The effects of alcohol on the therapeutic level of Phenytoin depend on the duration of its consumption. â€Å"Acute consumption of alcohol may increase plasma phenytoin levels. Chronic consumption of alcohol may decrease plasma phenytoin levels† (Drugs. com, 2010). Phenytoin (oral drug) could be given with or without food in a consistent manner. Give with food if patient complains of GI upset ( Karch, 2007). The bioavailability of Phenytoin is said â€Å"to decrease to subtherapeutic levels when the suspension is given concomitantly with enteral feedings† (Drugs. com, 2010). Antacids containing calcium may decrease the blood level of phenytoin while aspirin (more than 1500 mg/dl) may increase the blood level of phenytoin (Epilepsy. om, 2010). Phenytoin also will lower the blood levels of other types of medication like acetaminophen (Epilepsy. com, 2010). Warfarin Patients taking Warfarin should not take Vitamin K-rich foods like â€Å"liver, broccoli, brussels sprouts, spinach, Swiss chard, coriander, collards, cabbage, and other green leafy vegetables† (Drugs. com). There are also particular medicines that should not be taken for they m ay cause serious bleeding problems in the stomach and intestines and alterations in blood clotting. These particular medicines are as follows: â€Å"acetaminophen (Tylenol), aspirin, and NSAIDs including celecoxib (Celebrex), diclofenac (Voltaren), ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), indomethacin, naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn),and others† (Drugs. com, 2010). It is also said that the patient should â€Å"avoid eating cranberries, drinking cranberry juice, or taking cranberry herbal products† (Drugs. com, 2010). Warfarin can interact with the following herbal products: â€Å"garlics, gingko biloba, ginseng or St. John's wort†. (Drugs. com, 2010). Metformin Drugs that can raise the blood sugar affecting the use of Metformin include medicines to treat colds and allergies while drugs that lower blood sugar include some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, and sulfa drugs (Bactrim)† (Drugs. com, 2010). Alcohol should also not be taken concomitantly with this drug. â€Å"Alcohol lowers blood sugar and may increase the risk of lactic acidosis while taking this drug† (Drugs. com, 2010). There could be increased risk for hypoglycemia if the drug is taken with â€Å"juniper berries, ginseng, garlic, dandelion root and celery† (Karch, 2007, p. 58). Lithium Patients taking lithium carbonate should â€Å"avoid drinking large amounts of coffee, tea, or cola, which can cause dehydration through increased urination† (Drugs. com, 2010). Besides having interactions with other drugs in the patient's regimen, lithium also interacts with over-the-counter drugs. â€Å"If Eskalith is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increased, decreased, or altered such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs† (Drugs. com, 2010). â€Å"Patients being treated with lithium should be encouraged not to use the herbal therapy psyllium. If combined with lithium, the absorption of the lithium may be blocked and the patient will not receive therapeutic level† (Karch, 2006, p. 333) Possible Adverse Reactions and Nursing Interventions Metronidazole â€Å"Convulsive seizures have been reported in patient treatment with metronidazole† (DailyMed, 2009). Necessary seizure precautions should be implemented. Mrs. Brown has a history of seizure; this is why the healthcare team should take necessary adjustments to the dosage of metronidazole. Aside from this major adverse reaction, the patient can develop â€Å"unpleasant metalic taste, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea† (Karch, 2007, p. 86). Nursing care for strange metallic taste should be â€Å"frequent mouth care, sucking sugarless candies†, and for nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, the patient should be advised to â€Å"eat frequent small meals† (Karch, 2007, p. 786). In the case of Mrs. Brown, complains of discomfort in her buttocks, pain in per ineal area and offensive odor could mean that she developed cadidiasis as â€Å"known or previously unrecognized candidiasis may present more prominent symptoms during therapy with metronidazole† (DailyMed, 2009). Treatment with candidicidal agent should be instituted to the patient. Other adverse effect can be â€Å"disulfiram-like interaction with alcohol† (Karch, 2007, p. 786). The patient should be always reminded of precautions on ingesting alcohol and alcohol-containing products. Phenytoin â€Å"Nausea,vomiting, diarrhea, constipation and gingival hyperplasia† (Karch, 2009, p. 951) could be present in patients taking Phenytoin. The nurse should â€Å"arrange instruction in proper hygiene technique for long-term patients to prevent development of gum hyperplasia†, â€Å"take drug with food, eat frequent small meals† (Karch, 2007, p. 953). Among the other common adverse effects are â€Å"dizziness ,drowsiness, confusion and headache†. The patient should be advised to â€Å"avoid performing tasks requiring alertness and visual acuity† (Karch, 2007, p. 953). Warfarin The common adverse effects of Warfarin are â€Å"nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhea and hemorrhage† (Karch, 2007,p. 1216). Nurse should advise the patient to â€Å"avoid any situations in which she could be easily injured. † Necessary care should be provided to avoid bleeding in the patient like â€Å"not giving any IM injections† (Karch, 2007, p. 1217). The patient should also be asked to â€Å"report unusual bleeding (from brushing teeth, excessive bruising), black or bloody stools, cloudy or dark urine† (Karch, 2007, p. 1218). Metformin The most significant possible adverse effects of this drug are â€Å"hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis† (Karch, 2007, p. 758). The nurse should â€Å"monitor blood for glucose and ketones† or â€Å"should ask the client any sign of hypo- or hyperglycemic reactions† (Karch, 2007, p. 758). There could also be â€Å"signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat† (Drugs. om, 2010). In this case, it is necessary to â€Å"stop the medication and report to the physician† (Drugs. com, 2010). Lithium The common side effects of Lithium involves CNS manifestions such as â€Å"lethargy, slurred speech, muscle weakness and fine hand tremor; GI manifestions such as nausea, vomiting , diarrhea, thirst; GU effect is polyuria† (Karch, 2007, p. 704). It is important to instruct the client to â€Å"report any signs of toxicity such as diarrhea, vomiting, tremor, drowsiness, muscle weakness† (Karch, 2007, p. 705). The patient should also be prohibited or â€Å"avoid driving or performing tasks requiring alertness† and should be instructed to â€Å"eat frequent small meals† (Karch, 2007, p. 705). Health Education Metronidazole It is impotant to instruct the client to â€Å"not drink alcohol (beverages or preparations containing alcohol, cough syrups)† (Karch, 2007, p. 786). The nurse should also mention to the client that she may experience â€Å"urine with darker color , dry mouth with strange metallic taste, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea† (Karch, 2007, p. 786). Intervention to relieve these side effects should be taught like â€Å"frequent mouth care, sucking sugarless candies for dry mouth; eating frequent small meals for nausea, vomiting and diarrhea† (Karch, 2007, p. 786). Phenytoin Patients taking Phenytoin should be advised to â€Å"take this drug exactly as prescribed with food to reduce GI upset or without food — but maintain the consistency† (Karch, 2007, p. 953). Mrs. Brown should be advised to â€Å"not discontinue this drug abruptly or change dosage, except on advice of health care provider† (Karch, 2007,p. 953). Since Mrs. Brown has diabetes, it should be advised that she should â€Å"monitor blood or urine sugar regularly, and report any abnormality to health care provider† (Karch, 2007, p. 953). She should be advised that she should â€Å"maintain good oral hygiene to prevent gum disease and arrange frequent dental checkups† (Karch, 2007, p. 953). Warfarin It should be advised to the patient to â€Å"not start or stop taking any medication without consulting her health care provider† (Karch, 2007, p. 1217). She should â€Å"carry or wear a medical ID tag to alert emergency medical personnel about the drug† (Karch, 2007, p. 218). She should be instructed to â€Å"avoid situations that may cause injury and have periodic blood tests to check on drug action† (Karch, 2007, p. 1218). Lastly, the patient should be instructed to â€Å"report unusual bleeding, black or bloody stools and cloudy or dark urine† (Karch, 2007, p. 1218). Metformin Some of the instructions t hat should be given to the patient are â€Å"not to discontinue the medication without consulting health care provider and avoid using alcohol while taking the drug† (Karch, 2007, p. 758). She should also be advised to â€Å"monitor blood for glucose and ketones and report any hypo-or hyperglycemia reactions† (Karch, 2007, p. 758). Lithium Health teaching about this drug should include the following: â€Å"take the drug exactly as prescribed, after meals or with food or milk; eat a normal diet with normal salt intake and maintain adequate fluid intake and arrange for frequent checkups including blood tests† (Karch, 2007, p. 705). Mrs. Brown has numerous risk factors and health conditions that may produce drug interactions that may worsen her health. It is known that Metronidazole can produce seizures as its side effect. Considering this, safety precautions should be made since she has a history of seizure. This drug can also impair the clearance of the drug Phenytoin in her system and potentiate the anticoagulant effects of Warfarin. These things should be monitored by the healthcare team for them to make necessary adjustments. Phenytoin can also increase the anticoagulant effect of Warfarin and may either increase or decrease the efficacy of lithium. Necessary drug dosage adjustments should be made to minimize these interactions. Daily blood glucose monitoring should be done and symptoms of hypo- or hyperglycemia should be reported. This is necessary because Warfarin can increase the effects of oral diabetic agents such as Metformin. However, Phenytoin and Lithium can diminish the efficacy of this drug. Thus, it is really important to monitor the client's clinical status and the possible adverse effects of the drug regimen. It is also important to â€Å"offer support and encouragement to help the patient cope with the drug regimen† (Karch, 2006, p. 334).

Technology As A Way Of Life And Express - 1297 Words

The new generation of students entering and already enrolled in university are members of a digital age- growing up surrounded by many forms of digital technology as they are the first generation of youth to have internet technology easily available at their disposal. This current generation have already been labelled by sociologist as â€Å"‘digital natives’ (Prensky 2001a) and the ‘net generation’ (Tapscott 1998)† (Prensky 2001a; Tapscott 1998 as cited in Murphy 2010). Technology is not something new to these students as its presence in their life have made them quite comfortable to the idea, as they perceive â€Å"technology as a way of life and express a need to feel connected at all times† (Russo et al. 2014). Although what is new are the†¦show more content†¦As university professors are being presented with new types of students, there is a call to integrate advanced technology into their course design, and ultimately, educators must lead the way and use the technology in a fashion that positively aids their students: â€Å"technology should be used with the needs of the learners in mind and with the goal of improving student learning as the focus† (Russo et al. 2014). If this idea is implemented and acknowledged correctly, then many advantages can arise that enhance student learning in university classrooms. The first benefit of instructors introducing advanced technology into their teaching is that technology connects with students, which ultimately arouses their interest because technology as a whole is a relevant and important part of student’s lives. When students are interested and engaged in the class material they become motivated to pay attention and focus on what they are being taught, which leads to an improved retention rate of information. This relates to the DVD that West, Pudsey and Dunk-West created for teacher to give to their students to work within their learning, and they found that it â€Å"easily assimilates into their everyday life world† (2010). Another advantage is that the use of technology supports collaboration skills within students. Erin Murphy (2010) conducted an experiment centering around educators use of Audience Response Systems, commonlyShow MoreRelatedNew Era of Cyberpunk Literature Essay540 Words   |  3 PagesThrough years of advancements in the world, technology has become greatest aspect. The development of technology by incorporating the human mind and culture has brought about a new era. These are the criteria of cyberpunk literature, in which William Gibsons Johnny Mnemonic is a good example of cyberpunk literature. The novel reflects on how the human mind has been incorporated into the advanced technological world. This relates to cyberpunk literature because it follows the same ideas, butRead MoreMedia Is Life : Social Media Is Life1216 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Media is Life Social Media has grown in many ways and has become a staple in our lives today. We have the luxury of living in a day and age that social media allows one to do so much at his or her fingertips at any time of the day. For example: feeling lazy on a Sunday night? There is no longer the need to get up from the couch to have dinner ready in no-time. Online ordering for pizza via a mobile device/smartphone is as convenient as it gets. Social media offers avenues for ventures asRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Society854 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article â€Å"Technology taking a toll on a reality,† Brit Lamm insinuates that â€Å"people have the choice as to whether or not [technology] will take over and direct their lives.† According to Lamm, many students and adults are addicted to their phones, tablets, laptops and other smart devices, not knowing things that are happening around them. People are being less active; once they get home the first things is get onli ne watch movies, play games or go on social media websites. Public are beingRead MoreEssay On Data Analytics1276 Words   |  6 PagesIn this highly competitive business environment, businesses are constantly seeking ways to gain traction and understand what is on the minds of current customers and potential customers in order to increase business efficiency. Many companies, such as American Express have turned to business intelligence (BI) and data analytics to maintain a competitive edge over the competition. In this paper, the author will define data analytics and provide a brief overview of the evolution of data analyticsRead MoreThe Communication Path As A Culture And Society1219 Words   |  5 Pagesonline, telephone or face to face. Technology has become such an influential aspect of our lives that many people depend on it. Although technology has helped improve communication, it has lowered our understanding of how words and pictures actually make a person feel. People around the world interact less directly because of social networking sites. I mainly use texting and online communication as part of an everyday interaction. Texting can be a way to express thoughts, information and maintainRead MoreEssay On Technology And Technology1163 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology and Society A common scene in high school hallways is seeing teens looking like zombies all staring down at their glaring screens. Well that’s how it is nowadays, many argue that the use of technology has affected teenagers social life because they don’t interact with the â€Å"real world† as much. However, others argue that technology has helped many with their social skills because now they are able to interact with people all over the world. Whether it’s a positive or negative thing, thisRead MoreUtopia within a Click1091 Words   |  4 PagesWolman states, the advantages of technologies are not holding any liability for the lack of sense and being absurd on how people act and their knowledge on the issues. Instead Wolman states furthermore, the availability of unlimited information in the internet is supposed to make people more resourceful and more acknowledge on the information. While in Virtual living-the impact of electronic technology, Quentin Deakin express es his opinion on the advantages of technologies similarly with Wolman thatRead MoreMusic Is A Big Part Of My Life1075 Words   |  5 PagesMusic is a big part of my life. There is rarely a day I do not listen to it. Whether I am driving in my car or working out at the gym. I started really paying attention to music when I was younger and took dance classes. I took Jazz, Ballet, and Hip Hop. Each style of dance had dramatically different type of music. I always loved how with music there is so many different layers. One song might mean something to someone and then it could mean something completely different to someone else. When watchingRead MoreModernized Art Forms and Styles Essay examples986 Words   |  4 Pagesbeginning of the 20th-century ushered in a new era of Technology: Automobiles, Trains, Airplanes and the Telegraph, changed the way we perceived and interpreted the world. This new modern era, as it would later be called, had a profound impact on the Arts and Architec ture. Gone was the old romanticism and symbolism that had dominated the 19th-entury earlier. Instead, Artists around the world started to incorporate the emerging geometrics of technology into their art. Cubism, Futurism, Fauvism, NonobjectiveRead MoreNarcissism Among Teenagers s Song Of Narcissism1563 Words   |  7 Pages NARCISSISM AMONG TEENAGERS SHOFIA AMALIA RAHMA NATURE’S SONG OF NARCISSISM In this 21 century as the technology and internet have developed time by time, many things are happening. People are now can share any of their thoughts and idea on social media without filter. One phenomenon that is popular nowadays is narcissism among teenagers. They express their narcissistic through social media. It can take the simplest form as a status on Facebook or a photo, but also the weirdest thing as obsession

Help With Spelling Problems for ESL Classes

Here are the most common spelling rules in English. For exceptions to the rules take a look at Common Spelling Problems. Capital Letters Use Capital (T, S, B, etc.) letters for the following types of words: Days, months and public holidays: Monday, January, ChristmasProper names of people and places: Jack, Maria, New York, GermanyTitles for people: Ms, Dr, GeneralNationalities and regions (both nouns and adjectives): Dutch, Swedish, BasqueTitles of works of art (content words only): The Last Day of Summer, American Journal of Medicine When to Double Final Consonants The final consonant of a word is often doubled when adding -ed, -ing, -er, -est in the following cases: The double final b, d, g, l, m, n, p, r, and t at the end of words:rob - robbingsad - sadderbig - biggerskim - skimmingwin - winnerpop - poppingprefer - preferredhit - hittingWords of more than one syllable have their consonants doubled only when the final syllable is stressed:begin - beginn ing BUT open - openingdefer - deferr ing BUT offer - offeringWhen words have more than one syllable and end in L British English always doubles the L, even in the case of unstressed syllables. In American English, on the other hand, the L is not doubled when the syllable is unstressed.British English - travelledAmerican English - traveledMore information on the differences between British and American English. Here are the most common spelling rules in English. For exceptions to the rules take a look at Common Spelling Problems. Final -E Leave off the final e in the following cases: When the word ends in e adding a suffix that begins with a vowel (this is usually the case, although there are exceptions such as outrageous):make - makingnote - notableDo not leave out the final e when a word ends in ee:agree - agreeableWords ending in ge and ce do NOT drop the final e:encourage - encouragementembrace - embraceable 'IE' and 'EI' This is a common spelling problem, even for native English speakers. Probably the best thing to do is remember this rhyme: I before E except after Creliefthiefbelieve But...perceivereceiptceiling 'Y' and 'I' When adding an ending to a word that finishes in y, the y usually changes to i: Most nouns and verbs that end in y have plural or third person singular conjugations that change to i:party - partieshurry - She hurries to work.When changing the word form (for example from adjective to adverb):happy - happilylazy - lazilyeasy - easier Do NOT change the final y to i when y is preceded by a vowel:stay - staysenjoy - enjoyed Exceptions: say, lay, pay - said, laid, paidDo NOT change the final y to i when followed by -ing, -ism, -ish:boy - boyishtry - trying 'IE' to 'Y' When a word ends in ie change to y before adding -ing:die - dyinglie - lying

Human Resource Management Macy s - 1392 Words

Macy’s is a nationwide department store offering housewares, apparel, jewelry, and beauty products. Macy’s is one of the oldest retail companies in the United States, but our mission statement proves that we have a modern and relevant mission for the future. Our goal is to be a retailer with the ability to see opportunity on the horizon and have a clear path for capitalizing on it. To do so, we are moving faster than ever before, employing more technology and concentrating our resources on those elements most important to our core customers. Although our customers are paramount, at Macy’s, our greatest strength lies in the skill, judgment and talent of our people. Every day our team displays a passion for the industry on our selling†¦show more content†¦The following will go in depth and discuss the structure and beneficial effects these functions have at our company. Recruitment and Selection Process To recruit qualified applicants, our HR department promotes available positions using advertisements on television, in newspapers and on the web. The objective is to attract the most skilled, qualified and appropriate people and motivate them to apply at our company at www.macysjobs.com. The application process is simple. Applicants are instructed to upload a resume or manually complete sections consisting of personal information, education, work experience, etc. Additionally, a questionnaire is provided to give us a better insight on an individual’s value and work ethic. Following recruiting is the selection process. The first step in the selection process is to review the resumes and applications that have been submitted in response to our postings. We will also look back on prior applications from previous postings and identify those that appear to have the basic requirements of the position (skills, experience, education, etc.) for further consideration and set aside those that do not. Next, telephone interviews are conducted as a pre-screening to determine whether the applicant is qualified to attend a face-to-face interview. Generally, telephone interviews last between 5 and 15 minutes and include

Iriomote Wild Cat free essay sample

There are many endangered animals in our world, and very few are critically endangered. One animal species that is critically endangered is the Iriomote Wild Cat. Key points to the Iriomote Wild Cat’s endangerment are habitat loss, not being well known, and feral domestic cats. The first part of the wild cat’s endangerment, and the most major is habitat loss. Iriomote Wild Cats live on the small island of Iriomotejima, southwest of Japan, the island is a meer 116 miles wide. Plus, Iriomotejima is one of the fastest developing regions in the world. This not very good for the cats. The iriomote cat mainly inhabits the lowland coastal regions of the island which bring it into direct conflict with the islands human population. Futhermore, any small, restricted population must be considered at risk and this coupled with the increased loss of habitat can only serve to highlight the need for further research and increased conservation efforts. We will write a custom essay sample on Iriomote Wild Cat or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We need to protect the cats! Iriomote cats are doing their best to protect themselves, we need to help by decreasing land development. The second part of the cat’s endangerment is not being well known. The Iriomote cat was first discovered in the mid 1960’s. As soon as they were discovered, it was estimated 83-108 cats were living on the island. That’s not good for being a newly found species. It is estimated an Iriomote wild cat’s lifespan is 10-12 years, and reaches maturity after 10-12 months. These cats develop very fast. The lifestyle of the wild cat is not very well known, although is thought to hunt by night. In addition, it’s also been revealed that prey ranges from mammals to varied species of birds and reptiles, to fish and insects. This is a very interesting range of prey. Perhaps by figuring out more information on the cat, we can help save them. The final key to the Iriomote wild cat’s endangerment is feral and domestic cats. Iriomote cats weigh between seven-nine pounds, and a body length just under two feet, all of these characteristics are very similar to domestic and feral cats. Due to this, there is often crossed breeding between the very similar cats, but doing this threatens to dilute the wild cat’s genes. This can destroy Iriomote cats. Another issue is hunting and prey. There is always close competition between the cats, which often causes the Iriomote to prey on livestock. Letting this happen can decrease the Iriomote numbers further. Feral and domestic cats cause unneeded competition for Iriomote cats. In conclusion, habitat destruction, being a rare species, and other cats are destroying the Iriomote Wildcat Population. As of the last survey taken, there were less than 100 of them left. Let’s work together to save the Iriomote cats, and perhaps even other endangered animals!

Life of Pi free essay sample

Life of Pi is a suspenseful novel with a treacherous plot line and has human and animal characters. It has numerous conflicts and life-changing themes. The author in Life of Pi creates many literary devices to animate the story. This book has lots of the unusual settings. Life of Pi is a first-class book to read. Life of Pi has many major and minor characters. Pi is the protagonist of the story. He is a teenage Indian boy who practices three religions, and his father is a zookeeper. Richard Parker is the Bengal tiger that becomes Pi’s nemesis as well as his reason for living. The minor characters are Francis Adirubasamy (Mamaji), Santosh Patel, Gita Patel, Ravi Patel, Satish Kumar, and Father Martin. Mamaji is a close friend of the Patel family and a former aggressive swimmer, and he teaches Pi swimming. Mr. Patel is Pi’s father and a zookeeper, he teaches Pi about animals. We will write a custom essay sample on Life of Pi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mrs. Patel is Pi’s mother and helps him in education. Ravi is Pi’s older, sarcastic brother and likes to tease and bully Pi. Mr. Kumar is a baker that influenced Pi to become Muslim. Father Martin influenced Pi to become Christian. All these characters give him faith and skills to help him continue his journey. The animal characters in this story have similar traits to a human. The tiger, Richard Parker, is very friendly toward Pi when he is not hungry and is always overprotective with anything in his territory. The hyena is very fast, sly, and greedy; when it sees its prey, the zebra and the orangutan, it will stop at nothing to get it. The orangutan is polite and is found on island of floating bananas. The zebra is innocent and an easy target for the hyena because he has a broken leg. These characters’ human like behavior help project how they think, act, and behave. Life of Pi has different settings. First, it takes place in Pondicherry. In Pondicherry, he lives most of his childhood there. He visits the Pondicherry Zoo, church, mosque, temple, and Mr. Kumar’s bakery often. Another important setting is the ocean in which Pi is stranded on. Next important setting is the carnivorous island. The last setting is in Mexico. These settings help Pi have experiences and help him choose subjects in college. In this story, Pi has many conflicts through out the story. At the beginning of the story, he has many conflicts with the people at his school because they would tease him because of his name. He would have problems going to the mosque, temple, and church; because he practiced three religions. The next conflict is when he is stranded on a lifeboat with a tiger, hyena, zebra, and orangutan; and he doesn’t know how to survive. Then he fights himself to decide if he will live or not. Next he fights nature to survive; such as the sun, ocean, weather, and carnivorous island. These conflicts help story go on by giving more things to achieve. Life of Pi has two main themes. The first theme is humans act more like animals than they think. This is one of the major themes because Pi behaves like an animal to survive. He uses his instincts, turned into a non-vegetarian, and eats whatever he finds. The second major theme is friendship has no species, race, religion, shape, sizes, and color. This goes with the story because in the story he makes friends with Richard Parker and starts to train him. These two themes are important because they show the importance of friendship. The literary devices in this story usually describe what is going around Pi. The author describes sounds, the tiger, and weather movements using similes. The author also describes religion and destination by metaphors. In addition, the author describes thoughts sharks, waves, and darkness through personification. The literary devices in the book project pictures of what is happening around Pi. Life of Pi is an interesting novel to read. It has many characters. Life of Pi has several conflicts that make the plot line more interesting. It uses literary devices in a meaningful way. Life of Pi has various settings. This book is important to read because it shows lots of faith, religion, bonding, and other traits that help you go through life. Life of Pi is a book that I recommend to read. Life of Pi free essay sample Life of Pi Analytical Essay In the novel Life of Pi, Yann Martel uses the protagonist Pi to demonstrate how faith, ritual and one’s will to live save one from the barbaric and carnivorous reality. Pi Patel, lover of faith and various gods and their beliefs loses his family after a shipwreck and drifts on the Pacific Ocean with a zebra, hyena, orangutan and a tiger, Richard Parker each struggling in their own way to survive. Yann Martel uses the protagonist Pi to claim that one retains his or her survival will through writing.Martel includes the fact that Pi writes, â€Å"I die† as his pen runs dry because it symbolizes the break of his daily ritual. Pi unconsciously makes a ritual for himself daily to follow in order keep himself busy that he forgets the notion of time. Pi is able to survive because he makes an effort to forget the amount of time that passes (242). We will write a custom essay sample on Life of Pi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The element of time symbolizes the Pi’s despair but as he slowly forgets the existence of time, he also forgets his desolated situation. Pi dedicates himself daily to working hard to not remember or think deeply about how much time has passed.If Pi were to think about the amount of time that has elapsed, he would remember his loss of family and friends making him once again look forward to death. By nature, animals including humans favor consistency and dislike change and disruptions in their ritual. Pi unconsciously conducts his own religious rituals within his daily routine and grants him continued faith in God to survive. But Pi’s religious rituals also each lack a requirement necessary for example his Mass lacks Communion and his darshan lacks murti. As his routine gradually breaks apart, so does Pi’s confidence in sustaining life. The Communion and murti represents the disruption in Pi’s life but his routine of recording his everyday life at sea in his journal substitutes for the missing elements of his religious ritual and helps Pi sustain his will to survive. Daily writing in the journal led Pi to sustain his humanity while being isolated from society. Writing down his thoughts allows Pi to retain his last grasp on human society and it gives him a sense of hope.The journal keeps Pi from cannibalism and alleviates his loneliness but as journal entries stopped, Pi gradually began to lose his sense of humanity. Pi’s last entry in his journal, â€Å"I die† signified as the death of his humanity and â€Å"driven by the extremity of my [Pi’s] need and the madness to which it pushed me, I ate some of his flesh† (322). Due to Pi’s religion, he is a vegetarian and refuses to eat meat yet to survive, he abandons humanity. Being at sea gradually forces Pi to lose memories of his life in society.Pi admits to his â€Å"madness† when he decides to eat human flesh. From the perspective of society, eating human flesh is judged as cannibalism and when Pi begins to accept the fact of eating human flesh, he has already begun to lose a part of his humanity. Writing in the journal allows Pi to retain the thinking of society including its norms such as the consuming of the same species is unjust and mentally insane. When Pi’s ink starts to run out, he is unable to continue writing and that ends his last form of connection to his previous life living on land.At this point of the novel, Pi acknowledges his decline of humanity and with it, degrades himself and his will to live when he eats human flesh. Judging himself with the eyes of society, Pi begins to waver in his faith to survive. If Pi were able to continue his journal, Pi would not have mentally been driven to its end forcing Pi to give up humanity and slowly lose his will to survive. Pi’s last humane note, â€Å"I die† demonstrates how ritual, faith and humanity pushes one further and signified the beginning of a new hope.Martel portrays the significance of one’s will to live on a long voyage across the Pacific Ocean by challenging faiths and beliefs and questioning human’s sanity when driven to the extreme. Writing is a form of communication that is a vital part to society, Martel illustrates this point when Pi’s one and only form of communication is lost. Writing helps one organize their thoughts and is a part of oneself, also one’s connection to society. Society representing humanity and vice versa can be retained through writing in order to increases one’s will especially will for survival. Life of Pi free essay sample The Aura of Orange Human, animal, plants, and all the Earth’s content is survivor. They are fighting for their rights in order to live in this beautiful world. The novel Life of Pi written by Yann Martel, has employed a lot of symbols that is related to the life. One of the most significant symbols is the color orange. The author uses orange as a symbol of maintenance of the spirit to survive in survival. This can be proved as most of the objects that are in the color orange in the novel generate feelings of hope, can develop courage in survivors, and last but not least can keep them continuously energetic; in order to strengthen their hearts and spirits to face all the possibilities in life. With the presence hope, the spirit of survival can be maintained well as orange color represents the color of hope in the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on Life of Pi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is because the orange color is bright and inspires people and also gives hope to them. This is related as the theme color of firefighter is orange; when they are going to rescue the victims, their present has gives those who need to be rescued a hope being saved, (Theme). This can be shown in the novel Life of Pi as the sunrise gives hope to Pi and Richard Parker to be saved. â€Å"Warmth came only when the sun, looking like an electrically lit orange, broke across the horizon, but I didn’t need to wait that long to feel it. With the very first rays of light it came alive in me: hope. As things emerged in outline and filled with color, hope increased until it was like a song in my heart. Oh, what it was to bask in it! Things would work out yet. The worst was over. I had survived the night. Today I would be rescued. To think that, to string those words together in my mind, was itself a source of hope. Hope fed on hope,† (Martel 199). Based on this quotes, Pi says that the sunrise does give them a hope to survive everyday in the lifeboat and hope to be rescued. Every day that have passed, they have succeed to face it and still survive for 227 days stranded on the sea. Based on the real world, most of the people will be happy as the day is coming cover the night. People can go for work to find some stuff and money to support their needs; students go to school or college to gain more knowledge to have a better life, thus, people will appreciate every second that goes by. On the other hand, the orange color of objects has give an impact to express hope on overcome their obstacles. This can be seen through a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker, when he is trying to save his life by fighting with the sea and the big wave. As Pi says to Richard Parker, â€Å"‘do you see this lifebuoy, Richard Parker? Do you see it? Catch hold of it! HUMPH! I’ll try again. HUMPH! ’ He was too far. But the sight of the lifebuoy flying his way gave him hope. He revived and started beating the water with vigorous, desperate strokes,† (Martel 98). The color of the lifebuoy is orange as it is the color of survival that being used in the survival’s tools. These has give Richard Parker a hope to survive in the scary ocean since he is not a really good swimmer during the storm. Thus, the present of orange objects or the rays of orange do give a full meaning of hope to survive in order to keep their spirit alive. Development of courage can magnify the spirit of survival as the bravery can be represented by the orange animals in Life of Pi. This is related when a person has enough courage and ready to defeat his fear, the spirit of survival will increase and his big obstacle in life that is fear; can be settled down. The color of fire is majorly in orange color. Although the fire of matches, people always afraid of it. This shows that the color of orange is symbolize courage and determinants. This can be proved in the novel by the act of a female orang utan, Orange Juice who tries to hit the hyena; as the hyena being cruel to the zebra. Orange Juice has act, â€Å"she thumped the beast on the head. And what a thump it was. The beast’s head hit the bench it had just reached, making such a sharp noise, besides splaying its front legs flat out, that I thought surely either the bench or its jaw or both must break,† (Martel 130). Although Orange Juice is just a weak animal that never haunt any animal and just love to eat fruits, however, her courage overpowers her ability. As Pi monologue, â€Å"an adult female orang utan cannot defeat an adult male spotted hyena†¦ What does fruit eater know about killing? Where would it learn where to bite, how hard, for how long? † (Martel 130). This is something amazeing as the orang utan is very brave to face the hyena. One of the reasons why Pi called the female orang utan as Orange Juice is because the orange animals do represent the courage in an animal. On top of that, Richard Parker the Bengal tiger also represent courage in an orange animal as he is being scared by the hyena. The flame-colored carnivore emerged from beneath the tarpaulin and made for the hyena. The hyena was leaning against the stern bench, behind the zebra’s carcass, transfixed. It did not pull a fight. Instead it shrank to the floor, lifting a forepaw in a futile gesture of defense,† shows that the hyena was afraid of the orange Bengal tiger that look fierce on him (Martel 150). This is how the Bengal tiger stay to survive in the lifeboat on the spooky ocean. Therefore, it is true that orange is the color of courage; and this can spread up the spirit of survival to promote the important of life. In order to maintain the spirit of survival, energy is very important both physically and emotionally, orange objects on the boat in the novel encourage Pi to be energetic. Both physically and mentally need to be strengthen and energetic enough to think and react at any circumstances. â€Å"It seems orange-such a nice Hindu color-is the color of survival because the whole inside of the boat and the tarpaulin and the life jackets and the lifebuoy and the oars and most every other significant object aboard was orange. Even the plastic, beadless whistles were orange†¦ How true it is that necessity is the mother of invention, how very true,† as Pi start to create an idea on how to invent and innovate something using all the things surround him to full fill his necessity that is safety, (Martel 138-139). He uses these orange objects to build a raft, to save him from Richard Parker and the sharks. As in the Aura’s theory, orange helps with assimilation of new ideas, broaden the minds, helps in cope with life, and stimulates energy, (Color). Furthermore, when the orange color has turn to pale, however, their spirit to survive has fallen down. They are dying when they have stayed for very long time in the lifeboat in the sea, â€Å"What was orange became whitish orange†¦ we were two emaciated mammals, parched and starving. Richard Parker’s fur lost its luster, and some of it even fell away from his shoulders and haunches. He lost a lot of weight, became a skeleton in an oversized bag faded fur. I, too, withered away, the moistness sucked out of me, my bones showing plainly through my thin flesh,† (Martel 338-239). This tells that their spirit has turned pale as what happen to the orange color. Therefore, orange color objects can be shown as hyperactive behavior and color of energy; this will maintain the survivor to be always energetic and can hold their spirit safely. In conclusion, orange color or objects or any the references in the novel Life of Pi can generate some ways to keep holding their spirit up to stay survive in this nasty world. As well as orange color can be symbolized as a source of giving hope, element of showing courage, and encouraging survivor to be energetic. As a human being, spirit or belief in ourselves is very important to let us be ready to face this world, thus, preparations of it must be prepared in any circumstances. If orange fruit can protect itself by being sour taste and has thick cover; on the same time gives vitamin C to those who eat it that really benefits to health. So, why not human become tough physically and mentally also in order to maintain their wisdom and rationality? On the one hand, they full fill others needs. That is the real meaning of survival.